Câu tường thuật với “to infinitive” (to V)
Các mệnh lệnh gián tiếp khẳng định.
Ex: “Remember to finish your exercise, Tom,” the teacher said.
– The teacher reminded Tom to finish his exercise.
“Open the door, please” he asked the boy.
– He asked the boy to open the door.
“Can you give me a hand?” the old man said to us.
– She old man offered us to give him a hand.
“Go on, get up and you’ll feel better”, the nurse encouraged me.
– She nurse encouraged me to get up and I would feel better.
“Hurry up to catch the train, we don’t have much time left.” he said to us.
– He urged us to hurry up to catch the train as we didn’t have much time left.
Câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp phủ định.
Ex: They said, “Don’t talk in the class.”
– They told us not to talk in the class.
“Don’t be late, Trang” the teacher said.
– The teacher told Trang not to be late.
Mốt số cấu trúc đặc biệt khác
a) Câu khuyên
advised ab to (not to) V
had better + V/ not + V
should/ shouldn’t + V
ought to + V
Ex: “You should study harder,” my mother said.
– My mother advised me to study harder
“You’d better try best to get a good job,” my mother said to me.
– My mother advised me to try my best to get a good job.
b) Đề nghị, mời
Ex: He said, ” Would you like to go out for a drink?”
– He invited me to go out for a drink.
“Would you like a cup of tea?”, she said to the boy
– She invited the boy a cup of tea.
“Jea, please?”, she said to Tom
– She offered Tom some tea
“Will/ Shall you come to my birthday party next week?”, Joe said to me.
– Joe invited me to come to his birthday party the next week.
c) Yêu cầu:
ex: She said, “Can you lend me your book?”
– She asked me to lend her my book.
d) Hứa hẹn:
ex: “I will give you my book”. he said
– He promised to give her my book.
Câu tường thuật với gerund (V-ing)
Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:
ex: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much“, Tom said to me
– John thanked me for helping him (thank sb for doing st)
“I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said
– Peter apologised for being late. (apologise for doing st)
Chúc mừng: Congratulate sb on doing st
ex: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulation!”
– John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.
Cương quyết, khăng khăng:
ex: ” I’ll help you with your physics exercises,” Peter said to Susan.
– Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercises
Cảnh báo ngăn cản: warn sb against doing, prevent sb from doing
ex: “Don’t go out alone at night” I said to Linda
– I warn Linda against going out alone at night.
“Sit here. I can’t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me
– Mary prevented me from standing all the time.
Chấp nhận hoặc phủ nhận:
ex: “We stole his money”, they said
– They admitted stealing / having stolen his money
“I didn’t steal his money”, she said
– She denied stealing / having stolen his money.
Tố cáo, buộc tội (accuse sb of doing sth)
ex: “You took some of my money”, he said.
– He accused me of taking some of his money.
Mơ ước:
ex: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said
– John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.
Đề nghị:
ex: “Let’s go out for a drink”, Susan said
– Susan suggested going out for a drink.
“Shall we go to the cinema tonight?”
– How about going to the cinema…?
TÓM TẮT CÔNG THỨC:
| Loại | If Clause | Main Clause |
| 1 | V1(s/ es) | With/ can/ May…. +V |
| 2 | V2/ ed/ were | Would/ could/ should… +V |
| 3 | had+Vp2Vp2/ ed | Would/ could/ should …+have+/ Vp2Vp2/ed |
Conditional in reported speech (Câu điều kiện trong lời nói gián tiếp)
Câu điều kiện loại 1 chuyển sang loại 2.
ex: He said, “If it rain heavily, I will stay at home”
– He said (that) if rained heavily, he would stay at home.
Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3: Không đổi động từ
ex: She said, “If I had enough money, I would but a new car.”
– She said (that) if she had enough money, she would….
ex: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam”
– The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he……
*Note: Khi chuyển 1 câu hỏi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, cần chú ý vị trí của chủ ngữ, động từ và không còn dấu chấm hỏi.
ex: She asked me, “what would he do if he were a king?”
– She asked me what he would do if he were a king.
ĐẠI TỪ: ONE, ONES, SOMEONE, NO ONE, ANYONE, EVERYONE
One và Ones:
One: thay thế 1 danh từ đếm được số ít (tránh lặp từ)
ex: this watch doesn’t work any more, I’m going to buy a new one.
Ones: số nhiều.
Someone, anyone, no one,everyone +Vs/ es
Someone & everyone: câu khẳng định
Anyone: câu hỏi và phủ định
Sau no one: V khẳng định
Ex: Someone is following me
Everyone has gone home
Can anyone answer this question?
I can’t see anyone here.
* Note: Có thể dùng everyone trong câu hỏi. Khi đó người hỏi muốn đề cập đến tất cả mọi người.
ex: It’s a little noisy here. Can everyone hear?
Bài tập có đáp án
Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.
- ”If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”
– He advised……………………………………………………
- ”Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?”said Nam.
– Nam offered…………………………..
- ”Yes, all right, I’ll share the food with you, Dave. ”
– Ann agreed…………………..
- ”Sue, can you remember to buy some bread?”
– Paul reminded………………..
- ”Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children.
– The man ordered…………………….
- ”I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary.
– Mary……………………………………………….
- ”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?”, Tom asked me.
– Tom asked……………………………………….
- ”Have you finished your homework?”Mom asked.
– Mom asked if…………………………….
- She said to me:”I can’t do it by myself”
– She told me that……………………………..
- ”Does your brother live in London,Nam?”Lan asked.
– Lan wanted to know if……………………………………..
- ”Don’t repeat this mistake again. ”his father warned him.
– His father warned him………………………………………
- ”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me.
– The……………………………………………………………..
- ”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students
– The librarian told the students…………………………………………………………..
- ”Have you travelled abroad much?”, he asked me.
– He…………………………………………………………….
- ”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary.
– The boss asked……………………………………………………
- ”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me.
– My friend told me…………………………………………..
- ”This story happened long ago”he said.
– He said………………………………………………………………………
Answer key- He advised me not to buy that car.
- Nam offered to carry Lan’s suitcase.
- Ann agreed to share the food with Dave.
- Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread.
- The man ordered the children not to touch anything in that room.
- Mary said that she had to go home to make the dinner.
- Tom asked me if/ whether I was going to Ho Chi Minh City the next week/the following week.
- Mom asked if I had finished my homework.
- She told me that she couldn’t do it by herself.
- Lan wanted to know if Nam’s brother lived in London.
- His father warned him not to repeat that mistake again.
- The photographer told me to give him a smile.
- The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table.
- He asked me if I had travelled abroad much.
- The boss asked the secretary who had written that note.
- My friend told me she had just received a postcast from his sister.
- He said that story had happened long before
Bài tập có đáp án (phần 2)
1 “Don’t repeat this mistake again!” the instructor warned the sports man.
Answer keyThe instructor warned the sportsman not to repeat that mistake again.
2 “Leave your address with the secretary,” the assistant said to me.
Answer keyThe assistant told me to leave the address with the secretary.
3 “Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.
Answer keyThe manager asked the client to phone to him for an answer the next day/the following day.
4 “Don’t be so silly,” the father said to the kid.
Answer keyThe father told the kid not to be so silly.
5 “Give a smile,” the photographer said to me.
Answer keyThe photographer told me to give a smile.
6 “Please, help me to make a decision,” Ann asked her friend.
Answer keyAnn asked/ begged her friend to help her make a decision.
7 “Don’t leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf,” the librarian said to the student.
Answer keyThe librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table,but to put them back on the shelf.
8 “Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes,” the nurse said to the child.
Answer keyThe nurse told the child to be a good girl and to sit quietly for five minutes.
9 “Leave your things here,” my companion advised me.
Answer keyMy companion advised me to leave my things there.
10 “Don’t discuss this question now,” said the chairman to the participants.
Answer keyThe chairman asked the participants not to discuss that question at the moment.
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